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Excavating Modernity: The Roman Past in Fascist Italy

Online ISBN:
9780801468841
Print ISBN:
9780801449987
Publisher:
Cornell University Press
Book

Excavating Modernity: The Roman Past in Fascist Italy

Joshua Arthurs
Joshua Arthurs
Assistant Professor of History, West Virginia Universit
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Published:
5 July 2012
Online ISBN:
9780801468841
Print ISBN:
9780801449987
Publisher:
Cornell University Press

Abstract

The cultural and material legacies of the Roman Republic and Empire in evidence throughout Rome have made it the “Eternal City.” Too often, however, this patrimony has caused Rome to be seen as static and antique, insulated from the transformations of the modern world. This book revises this perception, arguing that as both place and idea, Rome was strongly shaped by a radical vision of modernity imposed by Benito Mussolini's regime between the two world wars. Italian Fascism's appropriation of the Roman past—the idea of Rome, or romanità—encapsulated the Fascist virtues of discipline, hierarchy, and order; the Fascist “new man” was modeled on the Roman legionary, the epitome of the virile citizen-soldier. This vision of modernity also transcended Italy's borders, with the Roman Empire providing a foundation for Fascism's own vision of Mediterranean domination and a European New Order. At the same time, romanità also served as a vocabulary of anxiety about modernity. Fears of population decline, racial degeneration and revolution were mapped onto the barbarian invasions and the fall of Rome. Offering a critical assessment of romanità and its effects, the book explores the ways in which academics, officials, and ideologues approached Rome not as a site of distant glories but as a blueprint for contemporary life, a source of dynamic values to shape the present and future.

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