Contents
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Distorting Islam: The Crucial Conceptual Lens Distorting Islam: The Crucial Conceptual Lens
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Contributing and Enabling Motivations Contributing and Enabling Motivations
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The Role of the Soviet War in Afghanistan The Role of the Soviet War in Afghanistan
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Middle Eastern Oil and a Potential Missed Chance Middle Eastern Oil and a Potential Missed Chance
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Afghanistan and the Global Turn Afghanistan and the Global Turn
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Westerners in Saudi Arabia Westerners in Saudi Arabia
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The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing
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Oil-Stealing Infidels Oil-Stealing Infidels
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Loathing the Saudi Regime Loathing the Saudi Regime
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UN Economic Sanctions against Iraq UN Economic Sanctions against Iraq
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Oil Money and Al-Qaeda Oil Money and Al-Qaeda
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The Non-Oil Motivations The Non-Oil Motivations
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Creating Taliban-like States Creating Taliban-like States
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Muslim World Decline Muslim World Decline
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Ineffective States Ineffective States
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Failed and Failing States Failed and Failing States
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Global Poverty Global Poverty
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Globalization Globalization
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Western Culture and Democracy Western Culture and Democracy
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Israel and the Palestinians Israel and the Palestinians
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Personal Factors: The Al-Qaeda Leaders Personal Factors: The Al-Qaeda Leaders
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2 Explaining September 11: The Oil Factor
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Published:September 2011
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Abstract
This chapter analyzes what motivated the 9/11 attacks and what has motivated Al-Qaeda more broadly, with an eye toward answering a particular question: to what extent has Al-Qaeda been motivated by American actions related to Middle Eastern oil? It suggests that Middle Eastern oil was an important factor in the 9/11 attacks because it helped to motivate the attacks, enabled them in various ways such as contributing to the development of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, and contributed to a chain of events that contributed to setting up the attacks in the first place. The chapter also details the importance of non-oil factors and the distorted religious lens through which Al-Qaeda's leaders saw the world.
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