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The Image of Jerusalem in the Western Liturgy The Image of Jerusalem in the Western Liturgy
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The Liturgy of Pilgrimage The Liturgy of Pilgrimage
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The Liturgy of War The Liturgy of War
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The Liturgy of the Cross The Liturgy of the Cross
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1 The Militant Eschatology of the Liturgy and the Origins of Crusade Ideology
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Published:December 2016
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Abstract
This chapter begins before 1095, with rites and ideas contained in the liturgy prior to Urban II's epochal speech calling for the First Crusade at Clermont (1095). It establishes the basic liturgical language that influenced both crusading and the ideology of crusade, discussing the image of Jerusalem in the Western liturgy, and the rites of penitential pilgrimage, warfare, and the cross on which crusading drew. Each of these liturgical traditions would come to play a role in crusading, and their origins expose the processes by which the First Crusade was inflected by monastic ideals and grew out of, but recombined, existing devotional and ideological paradigms. It was these texts that allowed crusading to be so smoothly integrated into a larger eschatological scheme that mapped fighting Muslims onto fighting the greater battle against the devil.
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