Have International Institutions Made the World Safer?
Have International Institutions Made the World Safer?
This chapter examines whether the policies instituted by the international community, led by major powers such as the United States, to separate the peaceful and military uses of the atom have been effective. In particular, it evaluates the degree to which the safeguards established by the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty have made a difference in terms of making it more difficult for countries to exploit peaceful nuclear assistance to build nuclear weapons. It also considers whether such safeguards have weakened the relationship between peaceful nuclear assistance and nuclear weapons program initiation by focusing on the cases of Syria and Japan. It shows that in practice, nuclear safeguards have had a relatively modest effect in reducing the dangers of atomic assistance for nuclear weapons proliferation. Atomic assistance increases the likelihood of nuclear weapons pursuit regardless of a state's status in the nonproliferation regime.
Keywords: peaceful nuclear assistance, Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons program, Syria, Japan, nuclear safeguards, nuclear weapons proliferation, nonproliferation
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