Côte d’Ivoire
Côte d’Ivoire
From the MPCI to the Forces Nouvelles
This chapter looks at the resources, options, and preferences of the rebel group, Forces Nouvelles—formerly the Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire (MPCI)—that fought the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire. The war began on September 19, 2002, and in late January 2003, the Linas-Marcoussis peace accords and the Kléber arrangements provided a platform for ending the war. However, by December 2003, few of the provisions of the peace agreement had been implemented. The rebels continued to control the north, and the government remained opposed to fully implementing the Marcoussis agreement. As such, Côte d'Ivoire remained balanced in a state of “no war, no peace.” The limited amount of actual fighting between rebel and government forces, as well as the positioning of peacekeepers as a buffer between the forces, contributed to reducing the costs of war and the burden on the Forces Nouvelles to generate income and obtain military resources.
Keywords: Forces Nouvelles, Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire, Ivorian civil war, Linas-Marcoussis peace agreement, Kléber arrangements
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