- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Acknowledgments to the Second Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
-
1 Turfgrass in the Modern Environment -
2 Insects and Near Relatives -
3 Insects and Mites: Turf Association -
4 Acarine Pests -
5 Orthopteran Pests: Family Gryllotalpidae -
6 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Heteroptera -
7 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Homoptera -
8 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Crambidae (Formerly Pyralidae), Subfamily Crambinae -
9 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Noctuidae -
10 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Hesperiidae -
11 Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae -
12 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Aphodiinae -
13 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Cetoniinae -
14 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae -
15 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Melolonthinae -
16 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Rutelinae -
17 Coleopteran Pests: Family Chrysomelidae -
18 Coleopteran Pests: Family Curculionidae -
19 Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae -
20 Hymenopteran Pests: Family Formicidae -
21 Hymenopteran Pests: Families Sphecidae and Vespidae -
22 Minor Insect Pests -
23 Turfgrass-Associated Arthropods and Near Relatives -
24 Vertebrate Pests -
25 Principles of Integrated Pest Management -
26 Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds -
27 Biological Control Strategies -
28 Chemical Control Strategies -
Appendix 1 English and Metric Units of Measure and Conversions -
Appendix 2 Abbreviations - Glossary
- References
- Index
Principles of Integrated Pest Management
Principles of Integrated Pest Management
- Chapter:
- (p.370) 25 Principles of Integrated Pest Management
- Source:
- Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada
- Author(s):
Patricia J. Vittum
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
This chapter examines the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). IPM often is defined as a program that, in the context of the environment and the population dynamics of pests, uses many different techniques and strategies in as compatible a manner as possible to maintain pest population levels below those causing economic injury. The concept of IPM was initially developed in traditional agriculture, where the success of a crop was measured in economic yield (quantity and quality of produce). The key to such agricultural IPM programs has always been establishing consistent and reliable “economic thresholds” — pest populations at which the cost of expected crop damage exceeds the cost of implementing control. In turf, the expected economic benefit from reducing a pest population usually is much more difficult to measure than in agriculture. It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine the economic value of suppressing pest insects. As a result, “economic thresholds” in turf IPM usually are more accurately described as “tolerance levels,” or “action thresholds.” In a turf IPM program, the turf manager must determine what pest populations can be tolerated without incurring unacceptable damage. The basic components of an IPM approach include assessing a site, monitoring and predicting pest activity, setting thresholds, managing turf stress, identifying and optimizing management options, and evaluating the results.
Keywords: integrated pest management, pest population levels, economic injury, economic yield, crop damage, pest insects
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- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Acknowledgments to the Second Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
-
1 Turfgrass in the Modern Environment -
2 Insects and Near Relatives -
3 Insects and Mites: Turf Association -
4 Acarine Pests -
5 Orthopteran Pests: Family Gryllotalpidae -
6 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Heteroptera -
7 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Homoptera -
8 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Crambidae (Formerly Pyralidae), Subfamily Crambinae -
9 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Noctuidae -
10 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Hesperiidae -
11 Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae -
12 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Aphodiinae -
13 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Cetoniinae -
14 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae -
15 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Melolonthinae -
16 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Rutelinae -
17 Coleopteran Pests: Family Chrysomelidae -
18 Coleopteran Pests: Family Curculionidae -
19 Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae -
20 Hymenopteran Pests: Family Formicidae -
21 Hymenopteran Pests: Families Sphecidae and Vespidae -
22 Minor Insect Pests -
23 Turfgrass-Associated Arthropods and Near Relatives -
24 Vertebrate Pests -
25 Principles of Integrated Pest Management -
26 Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds -
27 Biological Control Strategies -
28 Chemical Control Strategies -
Appendix 1 English and Metric Units of Measure and Conversions -
Appendix 2 Abbreviations - Glossary
- References
- Index