- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Acknowledgments to the Second Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
-
1 Turfgrass in the Modern Environment -
2 Insects and Near Relatives -
3 Insects and Mites: Turf Association -
4 Acarine Pests -
5 Orthopteran Pests: Family Gryllotalpidae -
6 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Heteroptera -
7 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Homoptera -
8 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Crambidae (Formerly Pyralidae), Subfamily Crambinae -
9 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Noctuidae -
10 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Hesperiidae -
11 Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae -
12 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Aphodiinae -
13 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Cetoniinae -
14 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae -
15 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Melolonthinae -
16 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Rutelinae -
17 Coleopteran Pests: Family Chrysomelidae -
18 Coleopteran Pests: Family Curculionidae -
19 Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae -
20 Hymenopteran Pests: Family Formicidae -
21 Hymenopteran Pests: Families Sphecidae and Vespidae -
22 Minor Insect Pests -
23 Turfgrass-Associated Arthropods and Near Relatives -
24 Vertebrate Pests -
25 Principles of Integrated Pest Management -
26 Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds -
27 Biological Control Strategies -
28 Chemical Control Strategies -
Appendix 1 English and Metric Units of Measure and Conversions -
Appendix 2 Abbreviations - Glossary
- References
- Index
Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds
Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds
- Chapter:
- (p.381) 26 Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds
- Source:
- Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada
- Author(s):
Patricia J. Vittum
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
This chapter looks at sampling techniques and setting thresholds. The cornerstone of any integrated insect management regime is accurately identifying pest insects (including assessing population density) and developing appropriate action thresholds. Various methods have evolved by which the populations of insects present in the turf environment may be determined relatively rapidly and efficiently. These methods have become standard techniques for reporting insect densities. The chapter differentiates between passive sampling techniques (use of traps) and active visual inspection techniques (actual quantification of insect populations). Thresholds in turf integrated pest management usually are more accurately considered tolerance levels, or action thresholds. The tolerance level, or action threshold, for turfgrass insects is site-specific and depends on many factors.
Keywords: integrated insect management, turf insect pests, insect densities, passive sampling techniques, visual inspection techniques, integrated pest management, tolerance levels, action thresholds, turfgrass insects
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- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Acknowledgments to the Second Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
-
1 Turfgrass in the Modern Environment -
2 Insects and Near Relatives -
3 Insects and Mites: Turf Association -
4 Acarine Pests -
5 Orthopteran Pests: Family Gryllotalpidae -
6 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Heteroptera -
7 Hemipteran Pests: Suborder Homoptera -
8 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Crambidae (Formerly Pyralidae), Subfamily Crambinae -
9 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Noctuidae -
10 Lepidopteran Pests: Family Hesperiidae -
11 Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae -
12 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Aphodiinae -
13 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Cetoniinae -
14 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae -
15 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Melolonthinae -
16 Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Rutelinae -
17 Coleopteran Pests: Family Chrysomelidae -
18 Coleopteran Pests: Family Curculionidae -
19 Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae -
20 Hymenopteran Pests: Family Formicidae -
21 Hymenopteran Pests: Families Sphecidae and Vespidae -
22 Minor Insect Pests -
23 Turfgrass-Associated Arthropods and Near Relatives -
24 Vertebrate Pests -
25 Principles of Integrated Pest Management -
26 Sampling Techniques and Setting Thresholds -
27 Biological Control Strategies -
28 Chemical Control Strategies -
Appendix 1 English and Metric Units of Measure and Conversions -
Appendix 2 Abbreviations - Glossary
- References
- Index